Abstract: China′s urbanization level is continuing to rise, and the annual production of municipalsludge has exceeded 70 million tons. In addition to organic components and nutrients, municipal sludgemay also contain pollutants such as pathogenic bacteria and heavy metals, which pose potential environ⁃mental risks. With the annual growth of sludge production, treating and disposing of sludge has becomea prominent problem in realizing the construction of a " waste free city" . In recent years, with the deep⁃ening research and development of sludge thermochemical conversion technology, it has shown greatapplication potential for sludge treatment and disposal. This paper reviews the research and demonstra⁃tion application progress of typical sludge thermochemical conversion technologies, and focuses on thelatest research achievements in the basic characteristics, influential parameters, product compositions,and resourceutilizationpathwaysofthermochemicalconversiontechnologiessuchassludgeincineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal treatment. Additionally, the paper summarizesthe research and application progress of collaborative disposal of sludge with other organic solid wastes.Furthermore, the carbon emission intensity and level of different sludge thermochemical conversiontechnologies and their calculation methods are summarized and analyzed. On this basis, an outlook onthe future research directions of sludge thermochemical conversion technology is proposed, aiming toprovide reference for the selection and optimization of sludge treatment and disposal methods.