Abstract: The removal of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from blast furnace gas is crucial for achieving ultra-low emissions in the iron and steel industry. After passing through the top gas recovery turbine (TRT) unit, the blast furnace gas temperature typically ranges from 50 to 80 ℃. Ferric hydroxide (α-FeOOH) exhibits high activity at low temperatures, making it an ideal adsorbent for H₂S after water treatment. α-FeOOH was doped with Zn²⁺ at different molar ratios (1%, 5%, and 11%) via co-precipitation crystallization. A combined fixed-bed and gas chromatography platform was used to evaluate the H₂S adsorption capacity in the simulated blast furnace gas atmosphere. The results showed that the H₂S adsorption capacity increased to 292.2 mg/g, a 137% improvement. The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized using BET, EPR, and XPS. The results indicated a significant increase in the specific surface area of the Zn/FeOOH samples, rising by approximately 60%. This enhancement leads to more reaction interfaces available for H₂S adsorption, providing additional active sites for H₂S molecules, which is crucial for improving sulfur capacity. Additionally, the pore volume increased by about 116%, mitigating the pore blockage typically caused by reaction products. All Zn/FeOOH samples displayed characteristic peaks associated with oxygen vacancies at g = 2.002, with the Zn/FeOOH-11 sample showing the highest intensity of the oxygen vacancies. This suggests that Zn doping considerably boosts the oxygen vacancies within the material. The introduction of Zn²⁺ ions into the α-FeOOH lattice creates local stress and distortion due to the mismatch in ionic radius and charge between Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺. This mismatch facilitates the escape of oxygen atoms, resulting in the formation of oxygen vacancies; these vacancies serve as active sites for the adsorption and activation of H₂S molecules, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity of the material. Furthermore, the proportion of monohydroxyl groups in Zn-doped α-FeOOH increased to 36%. These monohydroxyl groups are pivotal for improving sulfur capacity, as they are highly active and can form hydrogen bonds with H₂S molecules, further enhancing their adsorption on the material surface. In situ infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that Zn functions as a catalyst component and also directly interacts with H₂S to form ZnS. This Zn doping enhances the catalytic performance of α-FeOOH and influences the types of sulfur products generated. The alterations in structure and surface properties significantly enhance the adsorption and conversion capacity of Zn/FeOOH materials for H₂S, providing a reference for increasing the sulfur capacity of the adsorbent and enhancing blast furnace gas purification technologies.