In order to understand the spatial distribution of atmospheric quality in Zunyi City, MODIS L1B 1 km data was used to construct lookup tables based on 6S atmospheric radiation transmission model. Then dark pixel method was used to invert the distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) in Zunyi City, and the inversion results were compared with the MOD04_3K aerosol products and surface air quality data published by NASA. The results show that the AOD inversion results of Zunyi City have a correlation coefficient of 0.743 with MOD04_3K aerosol products published by NASA, and have correlation coefficients of 0.70, 0.70 and 0.61 with AQI、PM2.5、and PM10 observed on the ground, respectively. The inversion results have a good consistency with the verification data, so the accuracy of AOD inversion results is high. The distribution pattern of AOD in Zunyi City is high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The average AOD in Zunyi City is 0.23. The maximum average value is 0.51 which appears in Honghuagang District. The minimum average value is 0.12 which appears in Chishui City.