The main types of wastewater treatment technologies with the algae-bacteria symbiotic system were introduced. The main factors affecting the stability of the alga-bacteria symbiotic system and the treatment effect of nutrient were summarized. The application potential of this system was discussed from the oxygen supplementation and resource recovery potential. The results show that the algae-bacteria symbiotic technology has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, low energy consumption, low excess sludge production and high resource potential, but it requires strict control conditions and environmental factors such as temperature and light. In order to realize the industrialization of this technology, it is necessary to further optimize the design of photo-bioreactors, the light energy utilization of algae,the control of process parameters and the comprehensive utilization of microalgae biomass.