Taking a power transmission and transformation project in Sichuan as an example, the impact of its construction period and operation period on terrestrial wildlife in the nature reserve was analyzed through current status survey and environmental image recognition. The corresponding protection measures were proposed. The results show that the impacts of the construction period on beasts, birds,amphibians and reptiles are all short-term. In addition, the construction period causes moderate adverse effects on beasts, slight adverse effects on birds, and relatively great adverse effects on amphibians and reptiles. The operation period has no impact on beasts, amphibians and reptiles, and slight impact on birds. In order to reduce the impact of power transmission and transformation projects on nature reserves, it is suggested to improve publicity and management, take engineering measures and rebuilt wildlife habitats.