In order to study the spatial distribution and temporal changes of land desertification in Kangbao County, the rule of land desertification in Kangbao County in the past 40 years was analyzed with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based on the Landsat-5 (TM) data in 1984 and Landsat-8 data in 2014 and 2020. The results show that from 1984 to 2020, the area of lightly desertified land in Kangbao County increases by 73%. The area of moderately desertified land remains basically stable. The area of severely desertified land and extremely severely desertified land decrease by 61% and 75%, respectively.