Taking the coal rock of Fushun West Open-pit Mine as the research object, the effects of liguid-solid ratio,pH,temperature and leaching time on the leaching of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Zn were analyzed. The pollution degrees of heavy metals leaching from minerals to surface water were predicted. The water environmental health risk of heavy metals leaching solution was evaluated. The results showed that the leaching amount was proportional to the liquid-solid ratio in single factor tests. When the liquid-solid ratio was 10 mL/g, the leaching amount of Cu and Hg both reached the maximum. The main heavy metals in the four coal rock samples were easier to leach in weak acid and neutral conditions. When the temperature was 20~35 ℃, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals were the highest. The leaching amounts of heavy metals were proportional to the leaching time. When the leaching time reached 24 h, the leaching concentrations increased little with leaching time. As and Cr were chemical carcinogens,and Cu,Hg and Zn were non-carcinogens. The personal annual risk of chemical carcinogens to human health was 105times that of non-carcinogens. Chemical carcinogens were the main toxic pollutants which were harmful to human health in the study areas. Therefore, chemical carcinogens should be the priority control substances. The main heavy metal pollutants in the study areas were As and Cu, which should be taken as the key monitoring objects.