In order to optimize the rapid pyrolysis process of bagasse and extract high value-added fine chemical products, the thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis methods were used to study the pyrolysis process and pyrolysis products of bagasse. The results show that the pyrolysis process of bagasse can be divided into three stages: drying dehydration, rapid pyrolysis and carbonization. The rapid pyrolysis stage is the main pyrolysis stage,and the weight loss of the sample is as high as 75%. Increasing the heating rate is conducive to accelerating the pyrolysis reaction. There are 82 kinds of characteristic products of bagasse pyrolysis at 600 ℃, mainly including organic extractant, aromatic compounds,olefins, heterocyclic compounds, carbonyl compounds, alkanes. Stearic acid and palmitic acid are the main components, accounting for 25.6% and 10.58%, respectively. The main characteristic products are 2-aminoethanol ester, furfural, 2 -(octadoxy) ethanol, oleic acid, isoprene, cyclotetradecane, octadecene, methyl stearate.