Abstract: In view of the difficulties of treating acid mine drainage ( AMD) ,the formation mechanism ofAMD was introduced. The species and functions of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in AMD were discussed,and the application examples of microbial remediation technology were summarized. The analysisshowed that biological oxidation dominated by microorganisms was the main reason for accelerated oxida-tion of AMD. Prokaryotes such as archaea and bacteria oxidized mineral elements in mine water,andsome eukaryotes such as protozoa,algae and fungi could slow down the pollution in AMD. Making fulluse of the physiological metabolism of microorganisms could strengthen the repair effect. Bioremediationtechnology combined with source control and end treatment was an important direction of future research. Close-