Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), composed of reinforcing fibers and resin matrices, exhibit outstanding characteristics such as low density, high strength, corrosion resistance, and superior mechanical performance. With the large-scale application of FRPs in the renewable energy industry, such as wind turbine blades (WTBs), nacelles, photovoltaic brackets, electric vehicle components, and battery storage enclosures, the decommissioning of large-scale FRP structures has become an increasingly pressing issue. The complex composition of end-of-life materials, the inherent difficulty in separating thermosetting resins, and the underdeveloped recycling infrastructure make it crucial to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly recycling, prevent environmental pollution, and facilitate circular resource recovery. This article focuses on recycling solutions for FRPs in the renewable energy sector, systematically reviewing recycling technologies and highlighting innovations in three main process types: mechanical, pyrolytic, and chemical recycling. Mechanical recycling technologie, through intelligent precision cutting and automatic sorting, effectively reduce fiber damage and enhance the application potential of recycled materials. Pyrolysis recycling technologies encompass high-temperature pyrolysis, fluidized bed pyrolysis, and microwave-assisted pyrolysis. By precisely controlling the temperature and reaction atmosphere, they significantly reduce thermal damage to fibers, yielding a fiber performance retention rate of over 90%; the resulting pyrolysis oil and gas are reused as valuable resources. Chemical recycling technologies, such as chemical swelling and supercritical fluid processes, achieve efficient fiber recovery by selectively breaking the chemical bonds at the resin-fiber interface. This study further highlights the development trends in fiber repair and interfacial modification technologies. Intermediate repair techniques, such as sol-gel coating, plasma surface treatment, and electrochemical oxidation, improve the interfacial performance between regenerated fibers and resin matrices by 15% to 40%, significantly enhancing the overall mechanical properties and durability of regenerated composite materials. In terms of high-value utilization pathways, regenerated fibers have been successfully applied in lightweight automotive components, aerospace structures, and components for ultra-large offshore wind components, through innovative additive manufacturing technologies and the combined use of interfacial compatibilizers, significantly promoting the large-scale application of regenerated materials in high-end sectors. In addition, by treating by-products such as pyrolysis oil and gas through catalytic cracking, hydrodeoxygenation, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, high-value-added aromatic chemicals, fuel oils, and high-purity hydrogen can be obtained, further enhancing the economic benefits of resource recovery. Lastly, the article proposes recommendations for full value-chain integration, the development of standardized systems, and intelligent digital control, emphasizing the need to establish a circular ecosystem that spans front-end pretreatment, intermediate-stage repair and regeneration, and back-end high-value applications to support the sustainable development of the renewable energy industry.